A Randomized Phase III Study of mFOLFOX6/Bevacizumab Combination Chemotherapy with or Without Atezolizumab or Atezolizumab Monotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair (dMMR) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
Primary Objective:
1.1.1 To determine the efficacy, based on PFS, of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab plus atezolizumab(combination) and atezolizumab (single agent) as compared to mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab(control).
1.2 Secondary Objectives:
1.2.1 To compare the overall survival.
1.2.2 To compare the objective response rates (ORR) per RECIST 1.1.
1.2.3 To determine the safety profiles of the combination of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab/atezolizumab and atezolizumab monotherapy in patients with dMMR mCRC.
1.2.4 To compare the surgical conversion rate.
1.2.5 To compare disease control rate (CR + PR + SD) at 12 months.
1.2.6 To determine the duration of response and stable disease.
1.2.7 To determine the progression-free survival (PFS) by retrospective central independent scan review.
1.3 Exploratory Objectives:
1.3.1 To compare the health-related quality of life and patient-reported symptoms.
1.4 Translational Objectives:
1.4.1 To bank tissue and blood samples for other future correlative studies from patients enrolled on the study.
Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A)
BEVACIZUMAB
Chemotherapy single agent systemic
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
- RWJBarnabas Health
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Hamilton
Inclusion Criteria
- The patient must have signed and dated an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved
consent form that conforms to federal and institutional guidelines
- Age >= 18 years
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1 or 2
- Diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of colon or rectum without previous
chemotherapy or any other systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer except
for one cycle of FOLFOX or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX), either with or
without bevacizumab prior to enrollment. Upon enrollment, the preceding single cycle
of FOLFOX or FOLFOX + bevacizumab, if the patient received one, will not count
towards patients' assessments per protocol. Cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1) of atezolizumab or
C1D1 of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab + atezolizumab will correspond to the first day the
patient received therapy on trial
- Tumor determined to be mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR) by Clinical Laboratory
Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified immunohistochemical (IHC) assay with a panel of all
four IHC markers, including MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6; alternatively, MSI-H
diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assessment of microsatellite
alterations (either Bethesda markers or Pentaplex panel) or by next-generation
sequencing (NGS) are eligible
- Documentation by PET/CT scan, CT scan, or MRI that the patient has measurable
metastatic disease per RECIST 1.1
- No immediate need for surgical intervention for the primary tumor or palliative
diversion/bypass
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) must be >= 1500/mm^3 (obtained within 28 days prior
randomization)
- Platelet count must be >= 100,000/mm^3 (obtained within 28 days prior randomization)
- Hemoglobin must be >= 8 g/dL (obtained within 28 days prior randomization)
- Total bilirubin must be =< 4 x ULN (upper limit of normal) (obtained within 28 days
prior randomization); and
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) must be =< 3 x
ULN for the lab with the following exception: for patients with documented liver
metastases, AST and ALT must be =< 5 x ULN (obtained within 28 days prior
randomization)
- Calculated creatinine clearance >= 30 mL/min (obtained within 28 days prior
randomization)
- A urine sample tested for proteinuria by either the dipstick method, urinalysis
(UA), or a urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio:
- The dipstick method must indicate 0-1+ protein; if dipstick reading is >= 2+, a
24-hour urine must be done and it must demonstrate < 1.0 g of protein per 24
hours or a UPC ratio < 1.0
- A urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio must be < 1.0; if the UPC ratio is >=
1.0 a 24-hour urine must be done and it must demonstrate < 1.0 g of protein per
24 hours
- Urinalysis must indicate < 30 mg/dl. If urinalysis >= 30 mg/dl, a 24-hour urine
must be done and it must demonstrate < 1.0 g of protein per 24 hours or a UPC
ratio < 1.0
- International normalized ratio of prothrombin time (INR) and prothrombin time (PT)
must be =< 1.5 x ULN for the lab within 28 days before randomization; patients who
are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin may participate if they
are on a stable dose and no underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists
per medical history, regardless of PT/INR results
- Pregnancy test done within 28 days prior randomization must be negative (for women
of childbearing potential only); pregnancy testing should be performed according to
institutional standards; administration of atezolizumab or
mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab/atezolizumab may have an adverse effect on pregnancy and poses
a risk to the human fetus, including embryo-lethality; should a woman become
pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in
this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
- Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception
methods that result in a failure rate of < 1% per year during the treatment period
(hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for
the duration of study participation, and for 5 months (150 days) after the last dose
of atezolizumab, 6 months after the last dose of bevacizumab, and 6 months after the
last dose of mFOLFOX6; a woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she
is not postmenopausal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (>= 12 continuous
months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not
undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus); examples of
contraceptive methods with a failure rate of < 1% per year include: bilateral tubal
ligation; male partner sterilization; intrauterine devices; the reliability of
sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical
study and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient; periodic abstinence
(e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal
are not acceptable methods of contraception; men must refrain from donating sperm
during this same period
Exclusion Criteria
- Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant
human antibodies, fluoropyrimidines, folic acid derivatives or oxaliplatin
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) > 150 mmHg
or diastolic BP > 100 mmHg with or without anti-hypertensive medication; patients
with initial BP elevations are eligible if initiation or adjustment of BP medication
lowers pressure to meet entry criteria
- Documented New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart
failure
- Serious or non-healing wound, skin ulcer, or bone fracture
- History of inherited bleeding diathesis, gastrointestinal (GI) perforation,
significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or
recent arterial thrombosis or symptomatic peripheral ischemia, transient ischemic
attack [TIA], cerebrovascular accident [CVA] or arterial thrombotic event),
abdominal fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, or active GI bleeding (with cause not
addressed) within 6 months prior to randomization, or other medical condition in the
opinion of the treating oncologist that makes the risk of cardiovascular or bleeding
complications with bevacizumab use unacceptably high
- Other malignancies are excluded unless the patient has completed therapy for the
malignancy >= 12 months prior to randomization and is considered disease-free;
patients with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the
past 12 months: in situ carcinomas or basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the
skin
- Known DPD (dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase) deficiency
- Symptomatic peripheral sensory neuropathy >= grade 2 (Common Terminology Criteria
for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v] 5.0)
- Prior treatment with oxaliplatin chemotherapy within 6 months prior to randomization
- History of grade 2 hemoptysis (defined as 2.5 mL of bright red blood per episode)
within 1 month prior to screening
- Prior treatment with anti-PD-1, or anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibody or
pathway-targeting agents; patients who have received prior treatment with
anti-CTLA-4 may be enrolled provided the following requirements are met:
- Minimum of 12 weeks from the first dose of anti-CTLA-4 and > 6 weeks from the
last dose to randomization
- No history of severe immune-related adverse effects (CTCAE grade 3 and 4) from
anti-CTLA-4
- Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited
to, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and
anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents) within 14 days prior to randomization;
however,
- Patients who have received acute, low dose, systemic immunosuppressant
medications (e.g., a one-time dose of dexamethasone for nausea; or chronic
daily treatment with corticosteroids with a dose of =< 10 mg/day
methylprednisolone equivalent) may be enrolled
- The use of inhaled corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids (e.g.,
fludrocortisone) for patients with orthostatic hypotension or adrenocortical
insufficiency is allowed
- Known clinically significant liver disease, including active viral, alcoholic, or
other hepatitis; cirrhosis; fatty liver; and inherited liver disease; however,
- Patients with past or resolved hepatitis B infection (defined as having a
negative hepatitis B surface antigen [HbsAg] test and a positive anti-HBc
[antibody to hepatitis B core antigen] antibody test) are eligible if
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hepatits B virus (HBV) ribonucleic acid
(RNA) is negative per local guidelines
- Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV RNA per local guidelines
- History or risk of autoimmune disease, including, but not limited to, systemic lupus
erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis
associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's
syndrome, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune
thyroid disease, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis; however,
- Patients with a history of autoimmune hypothyroidism on a stable dose of
thyroid replacement hormone may be eligible
- Patients with controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus on a stable insulin regimen
may be eligible
- Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus or vitiligo with
dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis would
be excluded) are permitted provided that they meet the following conditions:
- Patients with psoriasis must have a baseline ophthalmologic exam to rule
out ocular manifestations
- Rash must cover less than 10% of body surface area (BSA)
- Disease is well controlled at baseline and only requiring low potency
topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 2.5%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%,
fluocinolone 0.01%, desonide 0.05%, alclometasone dipropionate 0.05%)
- No acute exacerbations of underlying condition within the last 12 months
(not requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation [PUVA], methotrexate,
retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors; high potency or
oral steroids)
- History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis
obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, etc.), or active or recently active
(within 90 days of randomization) pneumonitis (including drug induced) that required
systemic immunosuppressive therapy (i.e. corticosteroids, etc.). History of
radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted
- History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to
chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
- Patients with known active tuberculosis (TB) are excluded
- Severe infections within 28 days prior to randomization, including but not limited
to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe pneumonia
- Signs or symptoms of infection within 14 days prior to randomization
- Received oral or intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 14 days prior to randomization;
patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., for prevention of a urinary tract
infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are eligible
- Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28
days prior to randomization or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure
during the course of the study
- The administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to
randomization
- Pregnant women are excluded from this study because atezolizumab is an agent with
the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects; because there is an unknown
but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of
the mother with atezolizumab, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is
treated with atezolizumab; these potential risks may also apply to other agents used
in this study; (Note: pregnancy testing should be performed within 28 days prior to
randomization according to institutional standards for women of childbearing
potential)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral
therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
- Patients with prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or prior solid organ
transplantation
Please note that we have obtained the inclusion and exclusion criteria information from the National Institutes of Health’s clinical trials web site ClinicalTrials.gov. The listed criteria may not necessarily reflect recent amendments to the protocol and the current criteria.
For further information about clinical trials, please contact us at 732-235-7356.